The publisher of the Journal of Agricultural Development and Policy believes that a conflict of interest arises when a professional's impartial judgment regarding a primary concern, such as agricultural welfare or the integrity of research, might be influenced by a secondary concern, such as financial gain. Any potential conflict of interest should be openly disclosed. Examples may encompass financial ties (like employment, consulting roles, stock ownership or options, honorariums, patents, and compensated expert opinions), personal relationships or conflicts, academic rivalry, and ideological convictions. Declaration of conflict of interest is mandatory for all articles. If there is no conflict of interest, the authors should include the following statement: “The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to research, authorship and/or publication of this articles". Advertisement Policy: To avoid any potential conflict of interest, we do not accept third-party advertisements.